Từ vựng phổ thông (NGSL)
Khoảng 2.800 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nền tảng cho mọi kỳ thi và giao tiếp hằng ngày.
2.741 từ. Nguồn danh sách: New General Service List (NGSL) 1.2 của Browne, Culligan và Phillips, giấy phép CC BY-SA 4.0. Xem nguồn và giấy phép.
A
aA1
a metric unit of length equal to one ten billionth of a meter (or 0.0001 micron)
abandonB1
forsake, leave behind
abilityA2
the quality of being able to perform
ableB1
(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or au
termination of pregnancy
aboutA1
(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
aboveA1
appearing earlier in the same text
abroadA2
to or in a foreign country
absenceB1
the state of being absent
absoluteB1
perfect or complete or pure
completely and without qualification
abstractB1
existing only in the mind
abuseB2
cruel or inhumane treatment
academicB1
associated with academia or an academy
acceptA2
consider or hold as true
worthy of acceptance or satisfactory
accessB1
the right to enter
accidentA2
an unfortunate mishap
making or becoming suitable
be present or associated with an event or entity
put in effect
harmony of people's opinions or actions or characters
accountA2
a record or narrative description of past events
accurateB1
conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with
accuseB1
bring an accusation against
achieveA2
to gain with effort
the action of accomplishing something
declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of
acquireB1
come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
acrossA2
to the opposite side
actA2
a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society
actionA1
something done (usually as opposed to something said)
activeB1
tending to become more severe or wider in scope
activityA1
any specific behavior
actorA1
a theatrical performer
actualB2
presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible
actuallyA2
in actual fact
adB1
a public promotion of some product or service
adaptB1
make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
addA1
make an addition (to)
additionA2
a component that is added to something to improve it
further or added
addressA1
(computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stor
adequateB2
having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
adjustA2
alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard
making or becoming suitable
a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especi
admireA2
feel admiration for
admitA2
declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of
adoptB1
choose and follow
adultA2
(of animals) fully developed
advanceB1
a movement forward
the quality of having a superior or more favorable position
a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)
call attention to
a public promotion of some product or service
adviceA2
a proposal for an appropriate course of action
adviseA2
give advice to
adviserB1
an expert who gives advice
a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
affairA2
a vaguely specified concern
affectB1
have an effect upon
affordB1
be able to spare or give up
afraidA1
filled with fear or apprehension
afterA1
happening at a time subsequent to a reference time
the part of the day between noon and evening
againA1
anew
ageA1
how long something has existed
agencyA2
an administrative unit of government
agendaB1
a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
agentA2
an active and efficient cause
having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends
agoA1
in the past
agreeA1
be in accord
the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises
relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming
aheadA2
at or in the front
aidB1
a resource
aimB1
an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions
airA2
a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing
aircraftB2
a vehicle that can fly
airlineB1
a hose that carries air under pressure
alarmA2
fear resulting from the awareness of danger
albumA1
one or more recordings issued together
alcoholB1
a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent
aliveA2
possessing life
allA1
to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (`whole' is often used info
allegeC1
report or maintain
allowA2
make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to ha
allyB2
a friendly nation
almostA1
(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished
aloneA1
isolated from others
alongA1
with a forward motion
side by side
alreadyA1
prior to a specified or implied time
alrightA2
nonstandard usage
alsoA1
in addition
alterB2
cause to change
serving or used in place of another
to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (`whole' is often used info
alwaysA1
at all times
amazeB2
affect with wonder
the act of amending or correcting
amountB1
a quantity of money
analysisB1
an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making
analystB2
someone who is skilled at analyzing data
analyzeB1
consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential fea
ancientA2
belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall
angerB1
a strong emotion
angleB1
the space between two lines or planes that intersect
angryA1
feeling or showing anger
animalA1
a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
announceB1
make known
a formal public statement
annualB1
completing its life cycle within a year
anotherA1
any of various alternatives
answerA1
a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or re
regard something as probable or likely
anxietyB1
(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in
anxiousA2
eagerly desirous
anyA1
one or some or every or all without specification
anymoreA2
at the present or from now on
anywayA2
used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement
anywhereA2
at or in or to any place
apartA2
separated or at a distance in place or position or time
a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house
acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing
apparentB1
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
from appearances alone
appealB1
earnest or urgent request
appearA2
give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
outward or visible aspect of a person or thing
the act of bringing something to bear
applyA2
put into service
appointB1
create and charge with a task or function
the act of putting a person into a non-elective position
recognize with gratitude
approachB1
ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation
suitable for a particular person or place or condition etc
approvalB1
the formal act of approving
approveB1
give sanction to
(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
an architectural product or work
areaA2
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some sp
argueA2
present reasons and arguments
argumentA2
a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true
ariseB1
come into existence
armA1
a human limb
armyB1
a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state
aroundA1
in the area or vicinity
arrangeB1
put into a proper or systematic order
the thing arranged or agreed to
arrestB1
the act of apprehending (especially apprehending a criminal)
arrivalB1
accomplishment of an objective
arriveA1
reach a destination
artA1
the products of human creativity
articleA1
nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication
artistB1
a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination
asA1
a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms
ashamedB1
feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse
asideB1
on or to one side
askA1
inquire about
assessB2
evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of
the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
a useful or valuable quality
assignB1
give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)
assistB1
give help or assistance
the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an e
of or relating to a person who is subordinate to another
make a logical or causal connection
a formal organization of people or groups of people
assumeB1
take to be the case or to be true
a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn
assureB2
make certain of
atA1
a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series)
athleteA2
a person trained to compete in sports
a particular environment or surrounding influence
attachB1
cause to be attached
a feeling of affection for a person or an institution
attackA2
(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)
attemptA2
earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
attendB1
be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.
the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)
the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to
attitudeA2
a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and disposition
attractB1
direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical
the force by which one object attracts another
pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm
a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished
audienceA2
a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance
auntA1
the sister of your father or mother
authorA2
writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)
in a reflex manner
autumnA1
the season when the leaves fall from the trees
obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
averageA2
approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value
avoidA2
stay clear from
awardA2
a grant made by a law court
awareB1
(sometimes followed by `of') having or showing knowledge or understanding or rea
having knowledge of
awayA1
from a particular thing or place or position (`forth' is obsolete)
awfulA2
exceptionally bad or displeasing
B
babyA1
a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk
backA1
related to or located at the back
a person's social heritage: previous experience or training
badA1
having undesirable or negative qualities
badlyA2
to a severe or serious degree
bagA1
a flexible container with a single opening
balanceB1
a state of equilibrium
ballA1
round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games
banB2
a decree that prohibits something
bandA1
an unofficial association of people or groups
bankA1
sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)
barA1
a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter
barelyB1
only a very short time before
barrierB2
a structure or object that impedes free movement
baseA2
installation from which a military force initiates operations
basicA2
pertaining to or constituting a base or basis
in essence
basisB1
a relation that provides the foundation for something
bathA1
a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or t
battleB1
a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war
beA1
a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element
beachA1
an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake
bearA1
massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and
beatB1
a regular route for a sentry or policeman
delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration
beautyA2
the qualities that give pleasure to the senses
becomeA1
enter or assume a certain state or condition
bedA1
a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep
bedroomA1
a room used primarily for sleeping
beerA2
a general name for alcoholic beverages made by fermenting a cereal (or mixture o
beforeA1
earlier in time
beginA1
take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
behaveB1
behave in a certain manner
behaviorA2
manner of acting or controlling yourself
behindA1
in or to or toward the rear
beliefB1
any cognitive content held as true
believeA1
accept as true
bellA1
a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
belongA2
be owned by
belowA1
in or to a place that is lower
beltA2
endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys
bendA2
a circular segment of a curve
beneathB1
in or to a place that is lower
benefitB1
financial assistance in time of need
besidesA2
making an additional point
betB1
maintain with or as if with a bet
betweenA1
in the interval
beyondA2
farther along in space or time or degree
a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
bidB2
propose a payment
bigA1
above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent
bikeA1
a motor vehicle with two wheels and a strong frame
billA2
a statute in draft before it becomes law
binB1
a container
bindB2
stick to firmly
pertaining to biology or to life and living things
birdA1
warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modi
birthA1
the time when something begins (especially life)
bitA2
a small piece or quantity of something
biteA2
a wound resulting from biting by an animal or a person
blackA1
being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness
blameA2
an accusation that you are responsible for some lapse or misdeed
blessB1
give a benediction to
blindB1
unable to see
blockA1
a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)
blogB1
a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their persona
bloodA2
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and
bloodyB2
having or covered with or accompanied by blood
blowA1
a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon
blueA1
of the color intermediate between green and violet
boardA1
a committee having supervisory powers
boatA1
a small vessel for travel on water
bodyA1
the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)
bombB1
an explosive device fused to explode under specific conditions
bondB1
an electrical force linking atoms
boneA1
rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
bookA1
a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound to
boomB1
a deep prolonged loud noise
boostB2
the act of giving hope or support to someone
bootB1
footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg
borderB1
a line that indicates a boundary
boreB1
cause to be bored
borrowA1
get temporarily
bossA2
a person who exercises control over workers
botherA2
an angry disturbance
bottleA1
a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids
bottomA1
the lower side of anything
the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something
bowlA1
a round vessel that is open at the top
boxA1
a (usually rectangular) container
boyA1
a youthful male person
brainA1
that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous cen
branchA2
a division of some larger or more complex organization
brandA2
a name given to a product or service
breadA1
food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking po
breakA1
some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity
the first meal of the day (usually in the morning)
breastB1
the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen
breathB1
the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing
breatheA1
draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs
breedB1
a special variety of domesticated animals within a species
bridgeA1
a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river
briefB1
of short duration or distance
brieflyB1
for a short time
brightA1
emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts
of surpassing excellence
bringA1
take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
broadB1
having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other
message that is transmitted by radio or television
brotherA1
a male with the same parents as someone else
brownA1
of a color similar to that of wood or earth
brushA1
a dense growth of bushes
budgetA2
a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose
buildA1
make by combining materials and parts
bunchB1
a grouping of a number of similar things
burdenB1
an onerous or difficult concern
burnA2
pain that feels hot as if it were on fire
burstB1
the act of exploding or bursting
buryA2
cover from sight
busA1
a vehicle carrying many passengers
businessA1
a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it
busyA1
actively or fully engaged or occupied
butA1
and nothing more
buttonA1
a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes
buyA1
obtain by purchase
buyerB1
a person who buys
byA1
so as to pass a given point
C
cableB2
a telegram sent abroad
cakeA1
a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax)
make a mathematical calculation or computation
callA1
a telephone connection
calmB1
not agitated
cameraA1
equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a
campA1
temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers
campaignB2
a race between candidates for elective office
canA1
airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc.
cancelB1
postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled
cancerB1
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
a politician who is running for public office
capA1
a tight-fitting headdress
the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally
capableB1
(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability
capacityB1
capability to perform or produce
capitalA2
assets available for use in the production of further assets
captureB1
the act of forcibly dispossessing an owner of property
carA1
a motor vehicle with four wheels
carbonB2
an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms:
cardA1
one of a set of small pieces of stiff paper marked in various ways and used for
careA1
the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something
careerB1
the particular occupation for which you are trained
carefulA1
exercising caution or showing care or attention
taking care or paying attention
carpetB1
floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or
carryA1
move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body
caseA1
an occurrence of something
cashA2
money in the form of bills or coins
castB2
the actors in a play
castleA2
a large and stately mansion
catA1
feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cat
catalogB2
a book or pamphlet containing an enumeration of things
catchA1
a drawback or difficulty that is not readily evident
categoryB1
a collection of things sharing a common attribute
causeA2
events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something
behave as expected during of holidays or rites
a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event
cellB1
any small compartment
centA2
a fractional monetary unit of several countries
centerA2
an area that is approximately central within some larger region
centralB1
serving as an essential component
centuryA2
a period of 100 years
ceremonyB1
a formal event performed on a special occasion
certainA2
definite but not specified or identified
definitely or positively (`sure' is sometimes used informally for `surely')
chainA2
a series of things depending on each other as if linked together
chairA1
a seat for one person, with a support for the back
chairmanA2
the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization
a demanding or stimulating situation
a natural or artificial enclosed space
championB1
someone who has won first place in a competition
the status of being a champion
chanceA2
a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances
changeA1
an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another
channelB1
a path over which electrical signals can pass
chapterA2
a subdivision of a written work
an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)
typical or distinctive
describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of
chargeB1
an impetuous rush toward someone or something
charityB1
a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any parti
charmB1
attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates
chartA2
a visual display of information
chaseB1
the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture
chatA2
an informal conversation
cheapA2
relatively low in price or charging low prices
checkA1
a written order directing a bank to pay money
cheekA2
either side of the face below the eyes
cheeseA1
a solid food prepared from the pressed curd of milk
chemicalA2
relating to or used in chemistry
chestA2
the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the correspond
chickenA1
the flesh of a chicken used for food
chiefB1
most important element
childA1
a young person of either sex
the time of person's life when they are a child
chipB2
a small fragment of something broken off from the whole
a beverage made from cocoa powder and milk and sugar
choiceA2
the person or thing chosen or selected
chooseA1
pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives
churchA1
one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship
finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper
circleA1
ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length
a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
citeC1
make reference to
citizenA2
a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community
cityA1
a large and densely populated urban area
civilB1
applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military
a nonmilitary citizen
claimA2
an assertion of a right (as to money or property)
classA1
a collection of things sharing a common attribute
classicA2
of recognized authority or excellence
of or relating to the most highly developed stage of an earlier civilisation and
clauseB2
(grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a
cleanA1
free from dirt or impurities
clearA2
readily apparent to the mind
clearlyA2
without doubt or question
clickA2
a short light metallic sound
climateB1
the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time
climbA1
an upward slope or grade (as in a road)
clinicalC1
relating to a clinic or conducted in or as if in a clinic and depending on direc
clockA1
a timepiece that shows the time of day
closeA1
at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each othe
closelyB1
in a close relation or position in time or space
clothesA1
clothing in general
clothingB2
a covering designed to be worn on a person's body
cloudA1
any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
clubA1
a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together
a grouping of a number of similar things
coachA1
(sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team
coalB1
fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carbonife
coastA2
the shore of a sea or ocean
coatA1
an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down
codeA1
a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)
coffeeA1
a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans
coinA2
a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money
coldA1
having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or hav
collapseB1
an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion
an associate that one works with
collectA1
get or gather together
several things grouped together or considered as a whole
collegeA1
the body of faculty and students of a college
colorA1
a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit o
columnA2
a line of units following one after another
a collection of things that have been combined
combineB1
have or possess in combination
comeA1
move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebo
comedyB1
light and humorous drama with a happy ending
comfortB1
a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain
providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (`comfy' is informal)
commandB1
an authoritative direction or instruction to do something
commentB1
a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information
connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial e
a special group delegated to consider some matter
commitB1
perform an act, usually with a negative connotation
the trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose
a special group delegated to consider some matter
commonA2
belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole
transmit information
the activity of communicating
a group of people living in a particular local area
companyA2
an institution created to conduct business
compareA2
examine and note the similarities or differences of
the act of examining resemblances
something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a s
competeB1
compete for something
a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers
involving competition or competitiveness
the contestant you hope to defeat
complainA2
express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness
an often persistent bodily disorder or disease
completeA2
having every necessary or normal part or component or step
to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (`whole' is often used info
complexB1
complicated in structure
the quality of being intricate and compounded
make more complicated
an abstract part of something
composeB1
form the substance of
the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each
compoundB1
a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
including all or everything
compriseC1
be composed of
a middle way between two extremes
computeB2
make a mathematical calculation or computation
computerA1
a machine for performing calculations automatically
make denser, stronger, or purer
the strength of a solution
conceptB1
an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
concernA2
something that interests you because it is important or affects you
concertA1
a performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging
concludeB1
decide by reasoning
a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration
concreteB2
capable of being perceived by the senses
a state at a particular time
conductB1
manner of acting or controlling yourself
a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion
freedom from doubt
having or marked by confidence or assurance
confirmB1
establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts
conflictB1
an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)
confuseA2
mistake one thing for another
disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably
connectB1
connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces
a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or
a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
(sentence connectors) because of the reason given
resistant to change
considerA2
deem to be
large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree
the process of giving careful thought to something
consistA2
originate (in)
(sometimes followed by `with') in agreement or consistent or reliable
constantB2
unvarying in nature
without variation or change, in every case
form or compose
the state of being physically constrained
make by combining materials and parts
the act of constructing something
consultB2
get or ask advice from
an expert who gives advice
consumeB1
eat immoderately
consumerB1
a person who uses goods or services
contactA2
close interaction
containB1
include or contain
characteristic of the present
contentB1
satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are
contestA1
an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants
contextA2
discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretati
continueA2
continue a certain state, condition, or activity
continuing in time or space without interruption
contractB2
a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law
contrastA2
the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared
bestow a quality on
the part played by a person in bringing about a result
controlA2
power to direct or determine
marked by or capable of arousing controversy
a large formal assembly
following accepted customs and proprieties
the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.
convertB2
change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy
convinceB1
make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something
cookA1
someone who cooks food
coolA1
neither warm nor very cold
joint operation or action
copeB2
come to terms with
copyA1
a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
coreB2
a small group of indispensable persons or things
cornerA1
a place off to the side of an area
of or belonging to a corporation
a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state
correctA1
free from error
be compatible, similar or consistent
costA2
the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
coughB1
a sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages
councilB1
a body serving in an administrative capacity
counselC2
a lawyer who pleads cases in court
countA2
the total number counted
counterB1
table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted
countryA2
a politically organized body of people under a single government
countyB1
(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of loc
coupleA2
a pair who associate with one another
courseA1
education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings
courtA2
an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
cousinA1
the child of your aunt or uncle
coverA1
a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something
coverageC1
the total amount and type of insurance carried
cowA1
female of domestic cattle: "`moo-cow' is a child's term"
crackB2
a long narrow opening
craftB1
the skilled practice of a practical occupation
crashB1
a loud resonant repeating noise
crazyA2
affected with madness or insanity
creamA1
the best people or things in a group
createA2
make or cause to be or to become
creationB2
the human act of creating
creativeA2
having the ability or power to create
creatureA2
a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
creditA2
approval
crewB2
the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)
crimeA2
(criminal law) an act punishable by law
criminalB1
bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure
crisisB1
an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
criticB1
a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of wor
criticalB1
marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws
disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings
find fault with
cropB1
the yield from plants in a single growing season
crossA2
a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece
crowdA2
a large number of things or people considered together
crucialB2
of extreme importance
cryA1
a loud utterance
culturalB1
of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors
cultureA1
a particular society at a particular time and place
cupA1
a small open container usually used for drinking
curiousB1
beyond or deviating from the usual or expected
currencyB1
the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used
currentB1
occurring in or belonging to the present time
at this time or period
curtainB1
hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)
curveB1
the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes
customA2
accepted or habitual practice
customerA2
someone who pays for goods or services
cutA1
a share of the profits
cycleB1
an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs
D
dadA1
an informal term for a father
dailyA2
of or belonging to or occurring every day
damageB1
the occurrence of a change for the worse
damnB2
used as expletives
danceA1
an artistic form of nonverbal communication
dangerA2
the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury
involving or causing danger or risk
dareB1
take upon oneself
darkA1
devoid of or deficient in light or brightness
darknessB1
absence of light or illumination
dataB2
a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
databaseB2
an organized body of related information
dateA1
the specified day of the month
daughterA1
a female human offspring
dayA1
time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis
deadA2
no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life
dealA2
a particular instance of buying or selling
dealerB1
someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold
dearA1
dearly loved
deathA2
the event of dying or departure from life
debateA2
a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or p
debtB1
the state of owing something (especially money)
decadeB2
a period of 10 years
decideA2
reach, make, or come to a decision about something
decisionB1
the act of making up your mind about something
declareB1
state emphatically and authoritatively
declineB1
change toward something smaller or lower
decreaseB1
a change downward
dedicateB1
give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
deepA2
relatively deep or strong
deeplyA2
to a great depth psychologically
defeatB1
an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest
defendB1
argue or speak in defense of
defenseB1
(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential e
deficitB2
the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or requ
defineB1
determine the essential quality of
without question and beyond doubt
a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol
degreeA2
a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
delayA2
time during which some action is awaited
delightB1
a feeling of extreme pleasure or satisfaction
deliverB1
deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)
deliveryB1
the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)
demandB1
an urgent or peremptory request
the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by thei
characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or soci
give an exhibition of to an interested audience
a show or display
the amount per unit size
denyB1
declare untrue
a specialized division of a large organization
dependA2
be contingent upon (something that is elided)
relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed
depositB1
the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating
lower someone's spirits
a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a desponde
depthB1
the extent downward or backward or inward
deriveB1
reason by deduction
describeA1
give a description of
a statement that represents something in words
desertA2
arid land with little or no vegetation
deserveB1
be worthy or deserving
designA1
the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline o
designerB1
a person who specializes in designing architectural interiors and their furnishi
desireB1
the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state
deskA1
a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compart
despiteB1
lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike
destroyA2
do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of
the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be r
detailA2
an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole
detectB2
discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calcu
establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
developA2
make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation
act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining
deviceB1
an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
devoteB2
give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
dialogB1
a conversation between two persons
dieA2
pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary t
dietA2
a prescribed selection of foods
differB1
be different
the quality of being unlike or dissimilar
unlike in nature or quality or form or degree
in another and different manner
not easy
an effort that is inconvenient
digA1
the site of an archeological exploration
digitalB1
displaying numbers rather than scale positions
the magnitude of something in a particular direction (especially length or width
dinnerA1
the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday
directA2
direct in spatial dimensions
a line leading to a place or point
directlyB1
without deviation
directorA2
someone who controls resources and expenditures
dirtyA1
soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime
disagreeA2
be of different opinions
get lost, as without warning or explanation
fail to meet the hopes or expectations of
disasterB1
a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune
a branch of knowledge
discountB1
the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise
discoverA2
discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
the act of discovering something
discussA1
to consider or examine in speech or writing
an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic
diseaseB1
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
dishA1
a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food
diskB1
something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate
dismissB2
bar from attention or consideration
disorderB2
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning
displayA2
something intended to communicate a particular impression
disputeB2
a disagreement or argument about something important
distanceB1
the property created by the space between two objects or points
distantB1
separated in space or coming from or going to a distance
(often followed by `from') not alike
a discrimination between things as different and distinct
mark as different
administer or bestow, as in small portions
districtB1
a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
disturbA2
move deeply
noticeable heterogeneity
divideA2
a serious disagreement between two groups of people (typically producing tension
divisionB2
an army unit large enough to sustain combat
divorceB2
the legal dissolution of a marriage
doA1
an uproarious party
doctorA1
a licensed medical practitioner
documentB1
writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)
dogA1
a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has b
dollarA1
the basic monetary unit in many countries
domesticB2
of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation
dominateB2
be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance
doorA1
a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building
doubleA2
having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities
doubtA2
the state of being unsure of something
downA1
being or moving lower in position or less in some value
dozenB1
the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one
draftB2
a document ordering the payment of money
dragB1
pull, as against a resistance
dramaA1
a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage
dramaticB1
suitable to or characteristic of drama
in a very impressive manner
drawA1
a gully that is shallower than a ravine
dreamA1
a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep
dressA1
a one-piece garment for a woman
drinkA1
a single serving of a beverage
driveA1
the act of applying force to propel something
driverA1
the operator of a motor vehicle
dropA1
a shape that is spherical and small
drugA2
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
dryA1
free from liquid or moisture
dueA1
owed and payable immediately or on demand
dustA2
fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the
dutyB1
the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force
E
eachA1
(used of count nouns) every one considered individually
earA1
the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
earlyA1
at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the u
earnA2
earn on some commercial or business transaction
earthA2
the 3rd planet from the sun
easeB2
freedom from difficulty or hardship or effort
easilyA2
with ease (`easy' is sometimes used informally for `easily')
eastA2
situated in or facing or moving toward the east
easternB1
lying toward or situated in the east
easyA1
posing no difficulty
eatA1
take in solid food
economicB1
of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of materia
economyB1
the system of production and distribution and consumption
edgeB1
the boundary of a surface
editB2
prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting
editionB1
the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published
editorA2
a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication
educateB1
give an education to
the activities of educating or instructing
relating to the process of education
effectA2
a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect
in an effective manner
the ratio of the output to the input of any system
being effective without wasting time or effort or expense
effortA2
earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
eggA1
animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive
eitherA1
after a negative statement used as an intensive meaning something like `likewise
elderlyA2
advanced in years
electB2
select by a vote for an office or membership
electionB1
a vote to select the winner of a position or political office
electricA2
using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity
a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons
of or relating to electronics
elementB1
an abstract part of something
terminate, end, or take out
in or to another place
emailA1
(computer science) a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a co
cause to be embarrassed
embraceB2
the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)
emergeB1
come out into view, as from concealment
a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate ac
emotionB1
any strong feeling
determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason
emphasisB1
special importance or significance
to stress, single out as important
empireB1
the domain ruled by an emperor or empress
employB2
put into service
employeeB2
a worker who is hired to perform a job
employerB2
a person or firm that employs workers
the state of being employed or having a job
emptyA2
holding or containing nothing
enableB1
render capable or able for some task
a minor short-term fight
contribute to the progress or growth of
endA1
either extremity of something that has length
enemyB1
an opposing military force
energyB2
(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical syst
engageB1
carry out or participate in an activity
engineB1
motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work
engineerA1
a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
enhanceB2
increase
enjoyA1
derive or receive pleasure from
enormousA2
extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree
enoughA2
as much as necessary
ensureB1
make certain of
enterA2
to come or go into
a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or
provide entertainment for
an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention
entireB1
constituting the full quantity or extent
entirelyB1
to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (`whole' is often used info
entitleB2
give the right to
entranceA2
something that provides access (to get in or get out)
entryB1
an item inserted in a written record
envelopeA2
a flat (usually rectangular) container for a letter, thin package, etc.
the totality of surrounding conditions
of or relating to the external conditions or surroundings
episodeA2
a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events
equalB1
having the same quantity, value, or measure as another
equallyB1
to the same degree (often followed by `as')
equationB2
a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service
a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or sig
eraB1
a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event
errorA2
a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention
escapeA2
the act of escaping physically
to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common
essayA2
an analytic or interpretive literary composition
absolutely necessary
set up or found
the act of forming or establishing something
estateB2
everything you own
estimateB1
an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth
ethnicB2
denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a gro
evaluateB2
evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of
act of ascertaining or fixing the value or worth of
evenA2
divisible by two
eveningA1
the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoo
eventA1
something that happens at a given place and time
after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay
everA2
at any time
everyA1
(used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly a
everydayA1
found in the ordinary course of events
to or in any or all places
evidenceA2
your basis for belief or disbelief
evilB2
morally bad or wrong
a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially
evolveB2
work out
exactB1
marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact
exactlyA2
indicating exactness or preciseness
examA2
a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge
the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)
examineB1
consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential fea
exampleA1
an item of information that is typical of a class or group
exceedB2
be greater in scope or size than some standard
very good
exceptA2
take exception to
a deliberate act of omission
excessB1
a quantity much larger than is needed
exchangeA2
chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another
arouse or elicit a feeling
the feeling of lively and cheerful joy
excludeB2
prevent from being included or considered or accepted
excuseA1
a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.
having the function of carrying out plans or orders etc.
exerciseA1
the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit
exhaustB2
gases ejected from an engine as waste products
exhibitB2
show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill
the act of exhibiting
existA2
have an existence, be extant
the state or fact of existing
expandB1
extend in one or more directions
the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope
expectA2
regard something as probable or likely
belief about (or mental picture of) the future
money paid out
expenseB1
amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opp
high in price or charging high prices
the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in
the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
relating to or based on experiment
expertA2
having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
explainA2
make plain and comprehensible
a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant struc
exploreA2
inquire into
exportB2
commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country
exposeB1
expose or make accessible to some action or influence
vulnerability to the elements
expressA2
mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system
the feelings expressed on a person's face
extendB1
extend in scope or range or area
a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment o
large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity
extentB1
the point or degree to which something extends
externalB2
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surf
extraA2
more than is needed, desired, or required
extractB2
a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)
beyond what is ordinary or usual
extremeB1
of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity
to a high degree or extent
eyeA1
the organ of sight
F
faceA1
the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear
facilityB1
a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particul
factA2
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurr
factorB2
anything that contributes causally to a result
factoryA1
a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing
fadeB1
become less clearly visible or distinguishable
failA2
fail to do something
failureB1
an act that fails
fairA1
free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception
fairlyA2
to a moderately sufficient extent or degree
faithB2
a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny
in a faithful manner
fallA2
the season when the leaves fall from the trees
falseA1
not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality
familiarA2
well known or easily recognized
familyA1
a social unit living together
famousA1
widely known and esteemed
fanA1
a device for creating a current of air by movement of a surface or surfaces
fancyA2
not plain
ludicrously odd
farA2
located at a great distance in time or space or degree
farmA1
workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit
farmerA1
a person who operates a farm
cause to be interested or curious
fashionA2
how something is done or how it happens
fastA1
acting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly
fatA1
having an (over)abundance of flesh
fatherA1
a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)
faultA2
a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention
favorA2
an act of gracious kindness
favoriteA1
appealing to the general public
fearA2
an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually
featureA2
a prominent attribute or aspect of something
federalB2
national
feeA2
a fixed charge for a privilege or for professional services
feedA1
food for domestic livestock
feelA1
an intuitive awareness
fellowB1
a boy or man
femaleA2
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from
fenceA2
a barrier that serves to enclose an area
festivalA1
a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration
fewA2
a small elite group
fictionA2
a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact
fieldA1
a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed
fightA1
a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war
figureA2
a diagram or picture illustrating textual material
fileA1
a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together
fillA1
make full, also in a metaphorical sense
filmA2
a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images gi
filterB1
device that removes something from whatever passes through it
finalA2
occurring at or forming an end or termination
finallyA2
after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay
financeB1
the commercial activity of providing funds and capital
involving financial matters
findA1
come upon, as if by accident
fineA1
being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition
fingerB1
any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb)
finishA1
a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it
fireA1
the event of something burning (often destructive)
firmB1
marked by firm determination or resolution
firmlyB1
with resolute determination
firstA1
preceding all others in time or space or degree
firstlyB2
before anything else
fishA1
any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and
fitA2
meeting adequate standards for a purpose
fixA2
informal terms for a difficult situation
flagA1
emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design
flashB1
tastelessly showy
flatA1
having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than an
flexibleB2
capable of being changed
flightA2
a formation of aircraft in flight
floatA2
the time interval between the deposit of a check in a bank and its payment
floodA2
the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land
floorA1
the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other struc
flowB1
the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)
flowerA1
a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms
flyA1
two-winged insects characterized by active flight
focusA1
the concentration of attention or energy on something
foldB1
an angular or rounded shape made by folding
folkB1
people in general (often used in the plural)
followA2
to travel behind, go after, come after
foodA1
any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tiss
foolA2
a person who lacks good judgment
footB1
the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint
footballA1
any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try t
forceA2
a powerful effect or influence
forecastB1
a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop
foreignA1
of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)
forestA2
the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area
foreverA2
for a limitless time
forgetA1
dismiss from the mind
formA1
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used
formalB1
being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g.
formatB1
the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for
an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit
formerB1
referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or
formulaB1
a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
forthB1
from a particular thing or place or position (`forth' is obsolete)
having unexpected good fortune
fortuneA2
an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way r
forwardA2
at or to or toward the front
foundB2
set up or found
the basis on which something is grounded
fragmentB1
a piece broken off or cut off of something else
frameA2
the framework for a pair of eyeglasses
a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process
freeA1
able to act at will
freedomA2
the condition of being free
freezeA2
stop moving or become immobilized
the number of occurrences within a given time period
frequentB1
coming at short intervals or habitually
many times at short intervals
freshA2
recently made, produced, or harvested
friendA1
a person you know well and regard with affection and trust
friendlyB2
characteristic of or befitting a friend
the state of being friends (or friendly)
frightenA2
cause fear in
frontA1
relating to or located in the front
fruitA1
the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
fuelB1
a substance that can be consumed to produce energy
fulfillB2
put in effect
fullA1
containing as much or as many as is possible or normal
fullyA2
to the greatest degree or extent
funA1
activities that are enjoyable or amusing
functionA2
(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the
designed for or capable of a particular function or use
fundB1
a reserve of money set aside for some purpose
serving as an essential component
funnyA1
arousing or provoking laughter
furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy
furtherA2
more distant in especially degree
in addition
futureA1
yet to be or coming
G
gainB1
a quantity that is added
galleryA2
spectators at a golf or tennis match
gameA1
a contest with rules to determine a winner
gapB1
a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures
gardenA1
a plot of ground where plants are cultivated
gasA2
the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relativel
gateA2
a movable barrier in a fence or wall
gatherA2
assemble or get together
gayB1
bright and pleasant
gazeB2
a long fixed look
gearB2
a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the sp
genderA2
a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between no
geneB1
(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain
generalB1
applying to all or most members of a category or group
usually
generateB1
bring into existence
all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age
geneticB1
occurring among members of a family usually by heredity
gentleA2
soft and mild
a man of refinement
gentlyB2
in a gradual manner
genuineB2
not fake or counterfeit
gestureB1
motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling
getA1
come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
giantB1
of great mass
giftA1
something acquired without compensation
girlA1
a young woman
giveA1
cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense
gladA1
showing or causing joy and pleasure
glanceB1
a quick look
glassA1
a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure
globalB1
involving the entire earth
goA1
a time for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)
goalA1
the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved)
godB2
the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient or
goldA1
made from or covered with gold
goldenA2
having the deep slightly brownish color of gold
golfA2
a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes
goodA1
having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing spe
governB1
bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage
the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
governorB1
the head of a state government
grabB1
take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of
gradeA1
a body of students who are taught together
in a gradual manner
graduateA2
a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or univ
grainB2
a relatively small granular particle of a substance
grammarA1
the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes a
grandB2
of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope
the mother of your father or mother
grantB1
any monetary aid
grassA1
narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns
gratefulA2
feeling or showing gratitude
grayA1
of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of whi
greatA1
relatively large in size or number or extent
greatlyA2
to an extraordinary extent or degree
greenA1
of the color between blue and yellow in the color spectrum
greetA1
express greetings upon meeting someone
grinB2
a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth
groundA1
the solid part of the earth's surface
groupA1
any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
growA1
pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute
growthB1
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically
a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet c
guardA2
a person who keeps watch over something or someone
guessA1
a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
guestA1
a visitor to whom hospitality is extended
guideB1
someone employed to conduct others
a light line that is used in lettering to help align the letters
guiltyB1
responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act
guitarA1
a stringed instrument usually having six strings
gunA2
a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tub
guyA1
an informal term for a youth or man
H
habitA1
an established custom
hairA1
a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadl
halfA1
partially or to the extent of a half
hallA1
an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open
handA1
the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb
handleA2
the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move i
hangB1
a special way of doing something
happenA1
come to pass
state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intens
happyA1
enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure
harborB1
a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo
hardA1
not easy
hardlyA2
only a very short time before
harmA2
any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
hatA1
headdress that protects the head from bad weather
hateA2
the emotion of intense dislike
haveA1
a person who possesses great material wealth
heA1
a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses
headA1
the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals
healthA1
a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease
healthyA1
having or indicating good health in body or mind
hearA1
perceive (sound) via the auditory sense
heartA1
the locus of feelings and intuitions
heatA2
a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
heavilyA2
to a considerable degree
heavyA1
of comparatively great physical weight or density
heightB1
the vertical dimension of extension
hellB2
any place of pain and turmoil
helloA1
an expression of greeting
helpA1
the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an e
helpfulA2
providing assistance or serving a useful function
henceC1
(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result
hereA1
in or at this place
heroA2
a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength
hesitateB1
pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness
hiA1
an expression of greeting
hideA1
prevent from being seen or discovered
highA1
greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount
the most interesting or memorable part
highlyB1
to a high degree or extent
hillA1
a local and well-defined elevation of the land
hintB2
an indirect suggestion
hireB1
engage or hire for work
a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it
historicB1
belonging to the past
of or relating to the study of history
historyA1
the aggregate of past events
hitA2
(baseball) a successful stroke in an athletic contest (especially in baseball)
holdA1
the act of grasping
holderB2
a holding device
holeA1
an opening into or through something
holidayA1
leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure
homeA1
at or to or in the direction of one's home or family
honestB1
not disposed to cheat or defraud
honorA2
a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction
hookB2
a catch for locking a door
hopeA1
a specific instance of feeling hopeful
with hope
horribleB1
provoking horror
horseA1
solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times
hospitalA1
a health facility where patients receive treatment
hostA2
a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own
hotA1
used of physical heat
hotelA1
a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services
hourA1
a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day
houseA1
a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families
a social unit living together
howeverA2
despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
hugeB1
unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope
humanA2
characteristic of humanity
humorB1
a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke
hungerB1
a physiological need for food
huntB1
Englishman and Pre-Raphaelite painter (1827-1910)
hurryA1
a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry
hurtA1
suffering from physical injury especially that suffered in battle
husbandA1
a married man
a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
I
iA1
a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens
iceA1
water frozen in the solid state
ideaA1
the content of cognition
idealA1
conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence
identifyB2
recognize as being
identityB1
the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity
ignoreB1
refuse to acknowledge
illA2
affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function
illegalA2
prohibited by law or by official or accepted rules
illnessB1
impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
clarify by giving an example of
artwork that helps make something clear or attractive
imageA2
an iconic mental representation
the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and i
imagineA1
form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case
of the present time and place
without delay or hesitation
a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle ther
migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a
instrumentation (a piece of equipment or tool) used to effect an end
the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order
something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied)
implyB2
express or state indirectly
importB2
bring in from abroad
the quality of being important and worthy of note
of great significance or value
imposeB2
compel to behave in a certain way
not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with
impressA2
have an emotional or cognitive impact upon
a vague idea in which some confidence is placed
making a strong or vivid impression
improveA2
to make better
a change for the better
inA1
to or toward the inside of
a positive motivational influence
inchA2
a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot
incidentB1
a single distinct event
includeA2
have as a part, be made up out of
incomeB1
the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time
make into a whole or make part of a whole
increaseA2
a quantity that is added
advancing in amount or intensity
indeedA2
in truth (often tends to intensify)
freedom from control or influence of another or others
free from external control and constraint
indexB2
a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some refere
indicateA2
be a signal for or a symptom of
something that serves to indicate or suggest
being or characteristic of a single thing or person
of or relating to or resulting from industry
industryB1
the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise
infantB2
a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic mic
a general and progressive increase in prices
a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc
informB1
impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to
a message received and understood
initialB1
occurring at the beginning
at the beginning
readiness to embark on bold new ventures
injureA2
cause injuries or bodily harm to
injuryB1
any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
innerA2
located inward
innocentB1
free from evil or guilt
a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation
inputB2
signal going into an electronic system
inquiryB1
a search for knowledge
insideA1
relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space
insightB1
clear or deep perception of a situation
insistB1
be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge
inspireB1
heighten or intensify
installB1
set up for use
instanceB1
an occurrence of something
insteadA2
in place of, or as an alternative to
an organization founded and united for a specific purpose
relating to or constituting or involving an institution
a message describing how something is to be done
a device that requires skill for proper use
promise of reimbursement in the case of loss
be careful or certain to do something
make into a whole or make part of a whole
of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind
the ability to comprehend
intendB1
have in mind as a purpose
intenseB1
possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree
an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions
a mutual or reciprocal action
interestA2
a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something
interiorB2
the region that is inside of something
internalB1
happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface
concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations
make sense of
a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something
the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.)
the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited)
cause to come to know personally
the act of beginning something new
inventA2
come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental e
investB1
make an investment
investigate scientifically
an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities
the act of investing
investorB2
someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns
a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in somet
inviteA2
increase the likelihood of
involveB1
connect closely and often incriminatingly
the act of sharing in the activities of a group
ironB1
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element
islandA1
a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water
isolateC1
place or set apart
issueA2
an important question that is in dispute and must be settled
itA1
the branch of engineering that deals with the use of computers and telecommunica
itemA1
a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could
J
jacketA1
a short coat
jailB1
a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody
jobA1
the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money
joinA1
become part of
jointB1
united or combined
jokeA2
a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter
journalB1
a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations
a writer for newspapers and magazines
journeyA2
the act of traveling from one place to another
joyA2
the emotion of great happiness
judgeA1
a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justi
judgmentB1
an opinion formed by judging something
jumpA1
a sudden and decisive increase
juryB2
a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presen
justA1
and nothing more
justiceB1
the quality of being just or fair
justifyB2
show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for
K
keenB2
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions
keepA1
keep in a certain state, position, or activity
keyA1
serving as an essential component
kickA1
the act of delivering a blow with the foot
kidA1
a young person of either sex
killA1
cause to die
kindA1
having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature
kingA1
a male sovereign
kissA1
the act of caressing with the lips (or an instance thereof)
kitchenA1
a room equipped for preparing meals
kneeA1
hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and
knifeA1
edge tool used as a cutting instrument
knockA2
the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing)
knowA1
be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information
the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
L
labelB2
a brief description given for purposes of identification
laborA2
a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages
a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
lackA2
the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable
ladyA1
a polite name for any woman
lakeA2
a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land
landA2
the land on which real estate is located
an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view
languageA1
a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols
largeA1
above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent
largelyB1
in large part
lastA2
most_recently
lateA1
being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected ti
latterA2
referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or o
laughA1
the sound of laughing
laughterB1
the sound of laughing
launchB1
a motorboat with an open deck or a half deck
lawA2
the collection of rules imposed by authority
lawyerA2
a professional person authorized to practice law
layB1
put into a certain place or abstract location
layerB1
single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance
lazyA1
moving slowly and gently
leadA2
an advantage held by a competitor in a race
leaderA1
a person who rules or guides or inspires others
the activity of leading
leagueB1
an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members
leanB1
lacking excess flesh
leapB1
a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards
learnA1
gain knowledge or skills
leastA2
used to form the superlative
leatherA2
an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning
leaveA1
the period of time during which you are absent from work or duty
lectureB1
a speech that is open to the public
leftA1
being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when fac
legA1
a human limb
legalB1
established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules
law enacted by a legislative body
lendA2
bestow a quality on
lengthB1
the linear extent in space from one end to the other
lessA2
used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs
lessonA1
a unit of instruction
letA1
make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to ha
letterA1
a written message addressed to a person or organization
levelA2
having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than an
the state of being legally obliged and responsible
liberalB2
showing or characterized by broad-mindedness
libraryA1
a room where books are kept
licenseA2
authorize officially
lieA2
a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth
lifeA1
a characteristic state or mode of living
liftB1
the act of giving temporary assistance
lightA1
of comparatively little physical weight or density
likeA1
prefer or wish to do something
likelyA2
has a good chance of being the case or of coming about
limitB1
the greatest possible degree of something
a principle that limits the extent of something
lineA1
a formation of people or things one beside another
linkB1
the means of connection between things linked in series
lipA2
either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in
liquidB1
existing as or having characteristics of a liquid
listA1
a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)
listenA1
hear with intention
listenerB2
someone who listens attentively
in a literal sense
literaryB1
of or relating to or characteristic of literature
creative writing of recognized artistic value
littleA1
limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent
liveA1
actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing
loadA2
weight to be borne or conveyed
loanB2
the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)
localA2
relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or t
locateB1
discover the location of
locationB1
a point or extent in space
lockA2
a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed
logB1
a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches
logicB1
the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference
longA1
primarily temporal sense
lookA1
the feelings expressed on a person's face
looseA2
not compact or dense in structure or arrangement
loseA2
fail to keep or to maintain
lossB1
something that is lost
lotA1
(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent
loudB1
characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity
loveA1
a strong positive emotion of regard and affection
lovelyA1
appealing to the emotions as well as the eye
loverA2
a person who loves someone or is loved by someone
lowA2
less than normal in degree or intensity or amount
luckA1
your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happe
luckyA1
occurring by chance
lunchA1
a midday meal
luxuryB1
something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity
M
machineA1
any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform
madA2
roused to anger
magazineA1
a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest
magicA2
possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers
mailA1
the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service
mainB1
most important element
mainlyA2
for the most part
maintainB1
keep in a certain state, position, or activity
activity involved in maintaining something in good working order
majorA2
of greater importance or stature or rank
majorityB1
the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two pa
makeA1
a recognizable kind
makerA2
a person who makes things
maleA2
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perf
manA1
an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
manageA2
be successful
the act of managing something
managerA2
someone who controls resources and expenditures
mannerA2
how something is done or how it happens
the organized action of making of goods and services for sale
a business engaged in manufacturing some product
manyA1
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by `as' or
mapA1
a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it)
marchA1
the month following February and preceding April
marginB2
the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary
markA2
a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)
marketA2
the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold
marriageB1
the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorc
marryA2
take in marriage
massB1
formed of separate units gathered into a mass or whole
massiveB1
imposing in size or bulk or solidity
masterB2
an artist of consummate skill
matchA1
lighter consisting of a thin piece of wood or cardboard tipped with combustible
mateB2
the officer below the master on a commercial ship
materialA2
the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and
matterA1
a vaguely specified concern
matureB2
characteristic of maturity
maximumB1
the greatest or most complete or best possible
mayA1
the month following April and preceding June
maybeA1
by chance
mayorB1
the head of a city government
mealA1
the food served and eaten at one time
meanA1
approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value
at the same time but in another place
measureB1
any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule
meatA1
the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food
the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction
medicalA2
relating to the study or practice of medicine
medicineA1
the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques
mediumB1
around the middle of a scale of evaluation
meetA1
come together
memberA2
one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have j
the body of members of an organization or group
memoryA1
something that is remembered
mentalB1
involving the mind or an intellectual process
mentionA2
a remark that calls attention to something or someone
menuA2
a list of dishes available at a restaurant
mereB1
being nothing more than specified
merelyB1
and nothing more
messB1
a state of confusion and disorderliness
messageA1
a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled
metalA2
any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat
meterA2
the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (appro
methodA2
a way of doing something, especially a systematic way
middleA1
being neither at the beginning nor at the end in a series
mightA2
physical strength
mileB1
a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet
militaryA2
of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare
milkA1
a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings
mindA1
that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings
mineA1
excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted
minimumB1
the least possible
ministerB2
a person authorized to conduct religious worship
minorB1
of lesser importance or stature or rank
minorityB1
a group of people who differ racially or politically from a larger group of whic
minuteA1
a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour
mirrorA2
polished surface that forms images by reflecting light
missA1
a young woman
missionB1
an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious wor
mistakeA2
a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention
mixA2
a commercially prepared mixture of dry ingredients
mixtureB2
(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not
mobileA1
migratory
how something is done or how it happens
modelA2
worthy of imitation
moderateB1
being within reasonable or average limits
modernA2
belonging to the modern era
modifyB1
make less severe or harsh or extreme
one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind
momA1
informal terms for a mother
momentA1
a particular point in time
moneyA1
the most common medium of exchange
monitorB1
someone who supervises (an examination)
monthA1
one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year
monthlyB1
of or occurring or payable every month
moodA2
a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling
moonA1
the natural satellite of the Earth
moralB1
concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behav
moreA1
used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs
moreoverB1
in addition
morningA1
the time period between dawn and noon
mortgageB2
a conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan
mostA1
used to form the superlative
mostlyA2
in large part
motherA1
a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your m
motionB2
the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearr
motivateB1
give an incentive for action
the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired go
motorB1
machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so impart
mountB1
a lightweight horse kept for riding only
mountainA1
a land mass that projects well above its surroundings
mouseA1
any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointe
mouthA1
the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge
moveA1
the act of deciding to do something
movementB1
a change of position that does not entail a change of location
movieA1
a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images gi
muchA1
to a great degree or extent
multipleB2
having or involving or consisting of more than one part or entity or individual
murderA2
unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being
muscleB1
one of the contractile organs of the body
museumA2
a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historic
musicA1
an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal t
musicalA2
characterized by or capable of producing music
musicianA1
someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)
mustA1
a necessary or essential thing
mutualB1
common to or shared by two or more parties
mysteryA2
something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained
N
nameA1
a language unit by which a person or thing is known
consisting of or characterized by the telling of a story
narrowB1
not wide
nationA2
a politically organized body of people under a single government
nationalA2
of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country
nativeA2
characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin
naturalA2
in accordance with nature
as might be expected
natureA2
the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized
nearA1
not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances
nearbyB1
close at hand
nearlyA2
(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished
in an essential manner
absolutely essential
neckA1
the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of
needA1
a condition requiring relief
negativeA2
characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance
neglectB2
lack of attention and due care
discuss the terms of an arrangement
a discussion intended to produce an agreement
neighborA1
a person who lives (or is located) near another
a surrounding or nearby region
nerveB2
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body
nervousA2
easily agitated
netA2
remaining after all deductions
networkB1
an interconnected system of things or people
neverA1
not ever
despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
newA1
not of long duration
newlyB1
very recently
newsA1
information about recent and important events
a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets
nextA2
at the time or occasion immediately following
niceA1
pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance
nightA1
the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
noA1
referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present
nobodyA2
a person of no influence
noiseA1
sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)
noneB1
a canonical hour that is the ninth hour of the day counting from sunrise
normalA2
conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social no
normallyB1
under normal conditions
northA2
situated in or facing or moving toward or coming from the north
northernB1
in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) t
noseA1
the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract
notA1
negation of a word or group of words
noteA1
a brief written record
nothingA1
a quantity of no importance
noticeA2
an announcement containing information about an event
notionB1
a vague idea in which some confidence is placed
nounA2
a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or
novelA2
an extended fictional work in prose
nowA1
in the historical present
nowadaysA2
in these times
nowhereB1
not anywhere
nuclearB1
(weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy
numberA1
the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or indi
numerousB1
amounting to a large indefinite number
nurseA1
one skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervis
O
objectB1
a tangible and visible entity
undistorted by emotion or personal bias
the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force
the act of making and recording a measurement
observeB1
discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
obviousB1
easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind
unmistakably (`plain' is often used informally for `plainly')
occasionB1
an event that occurs at a critical time
now and then or here and there
occupyB1
keep busy with
occurB1
come to pass
oceanB1
a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere
oddB2
not divisible by two
offA1
not in operation or operational
offenseB2
a lack of politeness
offerA2
the verbal act of offering
officeA1
place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed
officerA1
any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command
officialA2
having official authority or sanction
oftenA1
many times at short intervals
oilA2
a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
okayA1
being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition
oldA1
(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained
onA1
with a forward motion
onceA1
on one occasion
oneA1
the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number
onlineA2
on a regular route of a railroad or bus or airline system
onlyA1
being the only one
openA1
affording unobstructed entrance and exit
operaA1
a drama set to music
operateA2
direct or control
the state of being in effect or being operative
operatorB2
(mathematics) a symbol or function representing a mathematical operation
opinionA2
a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty
opponentB2
a contestant that you are matched against
a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances
opposeA2
be against
oppositeA2
being directly across from each other
the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with
optionB1
the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price
orA1
a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific
orangeA1
of the color between red and yellow
orderA1
(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcemen
ordinaryB1
not exceptional in any way especially in quality or ability or size or degree
organicB1
relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis
a group of people who work together
organizeA2
create (as an entity)
originB1
the place where something begins, where it springs into being
originalA2
preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed
in an original manner
otherA1
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
in other respects or ways
outA1
away from home
outcomeB2
something that results
outlineB1
the line that appears to bound an object
outputB2
final product
outsideA1
relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit
overA1
at or to a point across intervening space etc.
overallB2
involving only main features
overcomeB1
win a victory over
overseasA2
in a foreign country
oweB1
be obliged to pay or repay
ownA1
belonging to or on behalf of a specified person (especially yourself)
ownerA1
(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business
the relation of an owner to the thing possessed
P
paceB1
the rate of moving (especially walking or running)
packA2
a large indefinite number
packageB1
a collection of things wrapped or boxed together
pageA1
one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the
painB1
a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder
paintA1
a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mix
pairA1
a set of two similar things considered as a unit
paleB1
very light colored
panelB2
sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat and rectangular) section or component
panicA2
an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
paperA1
a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain gr
one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas
something having the property of being analogous to something else
parentA1
a father or mother
parkA1
a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property
partA2
something determined in relation to something that includes it
someone who takes part in an activity
share in something
the act of sharing in the activities of a group
unique or specific to a person or thing or category
to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common
partlyA2
in part
partnerA1
a person's partner in marriage
the members of a business venture created by contract
partyA1
an organization to gain political power
passA2
(baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls
passageA2
the act of passing from one state or place to the next
a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who
passionB1
a strong feeling or emotion
pastA1
earlier than the present time
pathA2
a course of conduct
patientA2
enduring trying circumstances with even temper or characterized by such enduranc
patternB1
a perceptual structure
pauseB1
a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something
payA1
something that remunerates
paymentB2
a sum of money paid or a claim discharged
peaceA1
the state prevailing during the absence of war
peakB2
the most extreme possible amount or value
peerB2
a person who is of equal standing with another in a group
penA1
a writing implement with a point from which ink flows
penaltyB2
the act of punishing
pensionB2
a regular payment to a person that is intended to allow them to subsist without
peopleA1
(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively
perceiveB2
to become aware of through the senses
percentB1
a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)
a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)
the representation of what is perceived
perfectA2
being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish
completely and without qualification
performA2
carry out or perform an action
a dramatic or musical entertainment
perhapsA2
by chance
periodA1
an amount of time
continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place
approval to do something
permitB1
consent to, give permission
personA1
a human being
personalA1
concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and perso
the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and ment
as yourself
group of people willing to obey orders
a way of regarding situations or topics etc.
persuadeB1
win approval or support for
phaseB2
any distinct time period in a sequence of events
any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reason
a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or schoo
phoneA1
electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be tra
photoA1
a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slid
a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slid
phraseB1
an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent
physicalA2
involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
pianoA1
a keyboard instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to st
pickA1
the person or thing chosen or selected
pictureA1
a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produce
pieceA1
a separate part of a whole
pigA1
domestic swine
pileA2
a collection of objects laid on top of each other
pilotA2
someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight
pinkA1
of a light shade of red
pipeB1
a tube with a small bowl at one end
pitchB2
the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration
placeA1
a point located with respect to surface features of some region
plainB1
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
planA1
a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
planeA1
an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets
planetA2
(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revo
plantA2
buildings for carrying on industrial labor
plasticA2
capable of being molded or modeled (especially of earth or clay or other soft ma
plateA2
(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands
platformB1
a raised horizontal surface
playA1
a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage
playerA1
a person who participates in or is skilled at some game
pleasantA2
affording pleasure
pleaseA1
used in polite request
pleasureA1
a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experienc
plentyA2
a full supply
plotB2
a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)
plusA2
a useful or valuable quality
pocketA1
a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles
poemA1
a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines
poetB1
a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)
poetryB1
literature in metrical form
pointA1
a geometric element that has position but no extension
policeA2
the force of policemen and officers
policyB1
a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians
a leader engaged in civil administration
politicsB1
social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power
an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of peop
undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful sub
poolA1
an excavation that is (usually) filled with water
poorA1
deserving or inciting pity
popA1
an informal term for a father
popularA2
regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general publ
the people who inhabit a territory or state
portB1
a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a c
portionB2
something determined in relation to something that includes it
portraitA2
a word picture of a person's appearance and character
poseB2
affected manners intended to impress others
positionA2
the particular portion of space occupied by something
positiveB1
characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.
possessB1
have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill
the act of having and controlling property
a future prospect or potential
possibleA2
capable of happening or existing
possiblyA2
by chance
postA1
the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand
potB1
metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep
potatoA1
an edible tuber native to South America
existing in possibility
with a possibility of becoming actual
poundB1
16 ounces avoirdupois
pourA2
cause to run
povertyB1
the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions
powerA2
possession of controlling influence
powerfulA2
having great power or force or potency or effect
concerned with actual use or practice
practiceA1
a customary way of operation or behavior
praiseB1
an expression of approval and commendation
prayA1
address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship
preciseA2
sharply exact or accurate or delimited
indicating exactness or preciseness
predictA2
make a prediction about
preferA2
like better
a strong liking
the state of being pregnant
pregnantB1
carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
premiseC1
a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn
the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose
prepareA2
make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some
presenceB1
the state of being present
presentA1
temporal sense
the activity of formally presenting something (as a prize or reward)
preserveB1
keep or maintain in unaltered condition
an executive officer of a firm or corporation
relating to a president or presidency
pressB1
the state of demanding notice or attention
pressureA2
the force applied to a unit area of surface
by reasonable assumption
pretendA2
imagined as in a play
prettyA1
pleasing by delicacy or grace
preventA2
keep from happening or arising
previousB1
just preceding something else in time or order
at an earlier time or formerly
priceA1
the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money so
prideA2
a feeling of self-respect and personal worth
for the most part
primaryB2
of first rank or importance or value
primeB2
first in rank or degree
most important element
a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis
printA2
the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication
printerA2
someone whose occupation is printing
priorB2
earlier in time
priorityB2
status established in order of importance or urgency
prisonB1
a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for puni
prisonerB1
a person who is confined
privateA2
confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy
a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all
prizeB1
something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for wi
proA2
an athlete who plays for pay
a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur
probablyA2
with considerable certainty
problemA1
a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved
a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
proceedB1
continue talking
processB1
a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
produceA2
bring forth or yield
producerB1
someone who manufactures something
productA2
commodities offered for sale
the act or process of producing something
the body of people in a learned occupation
engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood
someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university
profileB2
an analysis (often in graphical form) representing the extent to which something
profitB2
the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreci
programA1
a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
progressB1
gradual improvement or growth or development
projectB2
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
promiseA2
a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) somet
promoteB1
contribute to the progress or growth of
a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institu
promptB2
according to schedule or without delay
proofB1
any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something
properA2
marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness
properlyB1
in the right manner
propertyB1
something owned
the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude o
proposalB1
something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
proposeB1
make a proposal, declare a plan for something
prospectB2
the possibility of future success
protectB1
shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage
the activity of protecting someone or something
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constit
protestB1
a formal and solemn declaration of objection
proudB1
feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-wor
proveB1
be shown or be found to be
provideA2
give something useful or necessary to
provinceB2
the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a n
a stipulated condition
mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature
pubB1
tavern consisting of a building with a bar and public rooms
publicA2
not private
a copy of a printed work offered for distribution
a firm in the publishing business
pullA2
cause to move by pulling
pumpB1
a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction
pupilB1
a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
purchaseB2
the acquisition of something for payment
pureB1
free of extraneous elements of any kind
purposeA2
an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions
pursueA2
carry out or participate in an activity
pushA1
the act of applying force in order to move something away
putA1
put into a certain place or abstract location
Q
an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for someth
qualifyB1
prove capable or fit
qualityA2
of superior grade
quantityB1
how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify
quarterA1
one of four equal parts
questionA1
an instance of questioning
quickA2
accomplished rapidly and without delay
quicklyA1
with rapid movements
quietA1
characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity
quietlyA2
with low volume
quiteA2
to a degree (not used with a negative)
quoteB2
a punctuation mark used to attribute the enclosed text to someone else
R
raceB1
any competition
racialB1
of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people
radicalB2
(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part o
radioA1
medium for communication
railB1
a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports
rainA1
water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere
raiseA2
raise the level or amount of something
lacking any definite plan or order or purpose
rangeA2
an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range
rankB1
a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one
rapidB1
done or occurring in a brief period of time
rapidlyB1
with rapid movements
rareB1
not widely known
rarelyB1
not often
ratA1
any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
rateA2
a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit
ratherA2
on the contrary
the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)
rawA2
(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only si
reachA2
the limits within which something can be effective
reactB1
show a response or a reaction to something
reactionB2
(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
readA1
interpret something that is written or printed
readerA1
a person who enjoys reading
readyA1
completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress
realA1
being or occurring in fact or actuality
realityB1
all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you
realizeA2
be fully aware or cognizant of
reallyA1
in accordance with truth or fact or reality
rearB2
located in or toward the back or rear
reasonA1
a rational motive for a belief or action
showing reason or sound judgment
to a moderately sufficient extent or degree
recallB1
a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as f
receiveA2
get something
recentA2
new
recentlyA2
in the recent past
reckonB2
expect, believe, or suppose
the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged
accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority
push for something
something (as a course of action) that is recommended as advisable
recordA2
anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing p
recoverB1
get or find back
recoveryB1
return to an original state
recruitB2
register formally as a participant or member
redA1
of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange)
reduceB1
cut down on
the act of decreasing or reducing something
referA2
make reference to
a remark that calls attention to something or someone
reflectA2
manifest or bring back
a calm, lengthy, intent consideration
reformB2
a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses
refugeeB2
an exile who flees for safety
refuseB1
food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)
regardB1
(usually preceded by `in') a detail or point
in spite of everything
regionB1
the extended spatial location of something
regionalB1
characteristic of a region
registerB1
an official written record of names or events or transactions
the act of enrolling
regretA2
sadness associated with some wrong done or some disappointment
regularA2
in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle
in a regular manner
regulateB2
fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of
an authoritative rule
rejectB1
refuse to accept or acknowledge
relateB1
make a logical or causal connection
relationB1
an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together
a relation between people
relativeB1
estimated by comparison
in a relative manner
relaxA2
become less tense, rest, or take one's ease
releaseA2
merchandise issued for sale or public showing (especially a record or film)
relevantB2
having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
reliableB1
worthy of reliance or trust
reliefB2
the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced
religionB1
a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny
concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church
relyB1
have confidence or faith in
remainA2
stay the same
remarkB1
a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information
unusual or striking
rememberA1
recall knowledge from memory
remindA2
put in the mind of someone
remoteA2
located far away spatially
removeB1
remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove some
rentA2
a payment or series of payments made by the lessee to an owner for use of some p
repairA2
the act of putting something in working order again
repeatA1
to say, state, or perform again
replaceA2
substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost
replyA2
a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or re
reportA2
a written document describing the findings of some individual or group
reporterA1
a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories
take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to
a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image
a person who represents others
the state of being held in high esteem and honor
requestA2
a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority
requireB1
require as useful, just, or proper
required activity
rescueB1
recovery or preservation from loss or danger
researchA2
systematic investigation to establish facts
a scientist who devotes himself to doing research
reserveB1
formality and propriety of manner
residentB1
living in a particular place
resignB2
leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily
resistB1
elude, especially in a baffling way
the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with
a formal expression by a meeting
resolveB1
bring to an end
resortB1
a hotel located in a resort area
resourceB1
available source of wealth
respectB1
(usually preceded by `in') a detail or point
in the order given
respondB1
show a response or a reaction to something
responseA2
a result
the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force
worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust
restB1
something left after other parts have been taken away
a building where people go to eat
restoreB1
return to its original or usable and functioning condition
restrictB1
place restrictions on
a principle that limits the extent of something
resultA1
a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
retailB1
the selling of goods to consumers
retainB1
hold back within
retireA2
go into retirement
the state of being retired from one's business or occupation
returnA2
document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability
revealA2
make visible
revenueB2
the entire amount of income before any deductions are made
reverseB2
change to the contrary
reviewA1
a new appraisal or evaluation
reviseB1
make revisions in
a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving
rewardB1
a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing
riceA1
grains used as food either unpolished or more often polished
richA1
possessing material wealth
ridB1
relieve from
rideA1
a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile)
rightA1
being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when fac
ringA1
a characteristic sound
riseB1
a growth in strength or number or importance
riskB1
a source of danger
rivalB2
the contestant you hope to defeat
riverA1
a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)
roadA2
an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation
rockA2
a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter
roleA1
the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or gr
rollA2
rotary motion of an object around its own axis
romanticA2
belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the ar
roofA2
a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building
roomA1
an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling
rootA2
(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes
roseA1
any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses
roughB1
having or caused by an irregular surface
roughlyA2
(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
roundA2
having a circular shape
routeB2
an established line of travel or access
routineB1
an unvarying or habitual method or procedure
rowA1
an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line
royalA2
of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or
ruinA2
an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction
ruleA1
a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
runA1
a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely
ruralB2
living in or characteristic of farming or country life
rushA2
the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner
S
sadA1
experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness
safeA2
free from danger or the risk of harm
safetyB1
the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent
sailB2
traverse or travel on (a body of water)
sakeA2
a reason for wanting something done
salaryB2
something that remunerates
saleA1
a particular instance of selling
saltA2
a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that
sameA1
same in identity
sampleA2
a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
formal and explicit approval
sandB1
a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral
the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation
satisfyA2
meet the requirements or expectations of
saveA1
save from ruin, destruction, or harm
sayA1
the chance to speak
scaleA2
an ordered reference standard
scanB1
the act of scanning
scareB1
cause fear in
sceneA2
the place where some action occurs
scheduleA2
a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
schemeB2
an elaborate and systematic plan of action
scholarB1
a learned person (especially in the humanities)
schoolA1
an educational institution
scienceA1
a particular branch of scientific knowledge
of or relating to the practice of science
a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences
scopeB1
an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range
scoreB1
a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)
screamA2
sharp piercing cry
screenA2
a white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing
seaA1
a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land
sealB2
fastener consisting of a resinous composition that is plastic when warm
searchA2
the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone
seasonB1
a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field
seatA1
a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)
secondA1
coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude
being of second rank or importance or value
secondlyB2
in the second place
secretA2
not open or public
a person who is head of an administrative department of government
sectionA1
a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)
sectorB2
a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
secureB1
free from fear or doubt
securityB1
the state of being free from danger or injury
seeA1
perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
seedA2
a small hard fruit
seekA2
try to get or reach
seemA2
give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
segmentB2
one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object
selectB1
of superior grade
the act of choosing or selecting
selfA1
your consciousness of your own identity
sellA1
exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent
sendA2
cause to go somewhere
seniorA2
older
senseA2
a general conscious awareness
responsive to physical stimuli
sentenceA1
a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language
separateA2
independent
sequenceB1
serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent patter
seriesB1
similar things placed in order or happening one after another
seriousB1
concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities
in a serious manner
servantB2
a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)
serveA2
serve a purpose, role, or function
serverB1
a person whose occupation is to serve at table (as in a restaurant)
serviceB1
work done by one person or group that benefits another
sessionB1
a meeting for execution of a group's functions
setA1
a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used
settleB1
settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground
a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland
severalA2
(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many
severeB1
intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality
sexB1
activities associated with sexual intercourse
sexualB2
of or relating to or characterized by sexuality
shadeA2
relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body
shadowA2
shade within clear boundaries
shakeA1
building material used as siding or roofing
shapeA2
any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)
shareA1
assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group
someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation
sharpB1
(of something seen or heard) clearly defined
sheepA1
woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat
sheetB1
any broad thin expanse or surface
shelfA1
a support that consists of a horizontal surface for holding objects
shellA2
ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive char
shelterB1
a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger
shiftB1
an event in which something is displaced without rotation
shineA2
be bright by reflecting or casting light
shipA1
a vessel that carries passengers or freight
shirtA1
a garment worn on the upper half of the body
shockA2
the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens a
shoeA1
footwear shaped to fit the foot (below the ankle) with a flexible upper of leath
shootA2
hit with a missile from a weapon
shopA1
a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services
shoreA2
the land along the edge of a body of water
shortA1
primarily temporal sense
shotA2
the act of firing a projectile
shoulderA1
the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm
shoutA2
a loud utterance
showA1
the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining
showerA1
a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you
shutA2
not open
sickA1
affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function
sideA1
a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location
sighB1
an utterance made by exhaling audibly
sightA1
an instance of visual perception
signA1
a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clu
signalB1
any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message
the quality of being significant
important in effect or meaning
in a statistically significant way
silenceA2
the state of being silent (as when no one is speaking)
silentB1
marked by absence of sound
sillyA2
ludicrous, foolish
silverA2
made from or largely consisting of silver
similarA2
marked by correspondence or resemblance
in like or similar manner
simpleA2
having few parts
simplyA2
and nothing more
singA1
deliver by singing
singerA1
a person who sings
singleA2
being or characteristic of a single thing or person
sinkA2
plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having
sirA1
term of address for a man
sisterA1
a female person who has the same parents as another person
sitA1
be seated
siteA1
the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)
determine or indicate the place, site, or limits of, as if by an instrument or b
the general state of things
sizeA1
the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)
skiA2
narrow wood or metal or plastic runners used in pairs for gliding over snow
skillA1
an ability that has been acquired by training
skinB1
a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch
skirtA1
cloth covering that forms the part of a garment below the waist
skyA1
the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth
slaveA2
a person who is owned by someone
sleepA1
a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is
sliceA2
a share of something
slideA2
a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for mi
slightB1
(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree
slightlyB1
to a small degree or extent
slipB1
a socially awkward or tactless act
slopeB1
an elevated geological formation
slowA1
not moving quickly
slowlyA2
without speed (`slow' is sometimes used informally for `slowly')
smallA1
limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent
smartA1
showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness
smellA1
the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated b
smileA1
a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth
smokeA1
a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas
smoothA2
having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities
snapB2
utter in an angry, sharp, or abrupt tone
snowA1
precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals
soA1
to a very great extent or degree
socialA1
relating to human society and its members
societyA2
an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
softA2
yielding readily to pressure or weight
softwareA2
(computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated docume
soilB1
the state of being covered with unclean things
solarB2
relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun
soldierA2
an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army
solidB1
characterized by good substantial quality
solutionA2
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
solveA1
find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of
someA1
quantifier
somebodyA2
a human being
somehowB1
in some unspecified way or manner
someoneA1
a human being
on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always
somewhatB2
to a small degree or extent
in or at or to some place
sonA1
a male human offspring
songA1
a short musical composition with words
soonA1
in the near future
sorryA1
feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or
sortB1
a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality
soulB1
the immaterial part of a person
soundA2
financially secure and safe
sourceA2
the place where something begins, where it springs into being
southA2
situated in or facing or moving toward or coming from the south
southernB1
in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) t
spaceA2
the unlimited expanse in which everything is located
spareB2
thin and fit
speakA1
express in speech
speakerA2
someone who expresses in language
specialA1
unique or specific to a person or thing or category
an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning
become more focus on an area of activity or field of study
speciesB2
(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
specificA2
(sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing s
in distinction from others
specifyB2
specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement
speechA1
the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience
speedA2
distance travelled per unit time
spellA1
a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation
spendA1
pass time in a specific way
spinB2
revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis
spiritB1
the vital principle or animating force within living things
splitA2
having been divided
sponsorB1
someone who supports or champions something
sportA1
an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition
spotA1
a point located with respect to surface features of some region
spreadA2
process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space
springA1
the season of growth
squareA2
having four equal sides and four right angles or forming a right angle
the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
stableB1
resistant to change of position or condition
staffA2
personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task
stageA1
any distinct time period in a sequence of events
stainB2
a soiled or discolored appearance
stairA2
support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a s
stakeB2
(law) a right or legal share of something
stampA2
the distinctive form in which a thing is made
standA1
a support or foundation
standardB1
conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value
starA1
(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from ther
stareB1
look at with fixed eyes
startA1
the beginning of anything
stateA2
the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a n
a message that is stated or declared
stationA1
a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpos
a datum that can be represented numerically
statusB1
the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society
stayA1
continuing or remaining in a place or state
steadyB1
not subject to change or variation especially in behavior
stealA2
take without the owner's consent
steelB1
an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon
stemB1
grow out of, have roots in, originate in
stepA1
any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
stickB1
an implement consisting of a length of wood
stillA1
not in physical motion
act as a stimulant
stirB1
move an implement through
stockB2
the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holder
stomachA2
an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal
stoneA1
a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter
stopA1
the event of something ending
storageB1
the act of storing something
storeA1
a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services
stormA2
a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) an
storyA1
a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events
straightA1
successive (without a break)
strainB1
(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces
strangeA1
being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected
strangerA2
anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found
strategyA2
an elaborate and systematic plan of action
streamB1
a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth
streetA1
a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings
strengthA2
the property of being physically or mentally strong
make strong or stronger
stressB1
the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to
stretchB1
occupy a large, elongated area
strictA1
rigidly accurate
strikeA2
a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions
stringA2
a lightweight cord
stripB1
a relatively long narrow piece of something
strokeB2
(sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat
strongA1
having strength or power greater than average or expected
stronglyA2
with strength or in a strong manner
relating to or caused by structure, especially political or economic structure
a thing constructed
struggleB1
an energetic attempt to achieve something
studentA1
a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
studioB1
workplace for the teaching or practice of an art
studyA1
a detailed critical inspection
stuffA2
the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
stupidB1
lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity
styleA2
how something is done or how it happens
subjectA1
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
submitB2
refer for judgment or consideration
following in time or order
happening at a time subsequent to a reference time
the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists
fairly large
a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
succeedA2
attain success or reach a desired goal
successA2
an event that accomplishes its intended purpose
having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome
with success
suchA2
of so extreme a degree or extent
suddenA2
happening without warning or in a short space of time
suddenlyB1
happening unexpectedly
sufferB1
undergo or be subjected to
of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant
sugarA1
a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative
suggestA2
make a proposal, declare a plan for something
an idea that is suggested
suitA2
a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwe
suitableA2
meant or adapted for an occasion or use
sumA1
a quantity of money
give a summary (of)
summaryA2
a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form
summerA1
the warmest season of the year
sunA1
the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar syste
textual matter that is added onto a publication
supplierB2
someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity
supplyB1
an amount of something available for use
supportA2
the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessit
a person who backs a politician or a team etc.
supposeB1
express a supposition
sureA1
having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty
surelyB1
definitely or positively (`sure' is sometimes used informally for `surely')
surfaceB1
the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling
surgeryB1
the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedu
surpriseA1
the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you
in a surprising manner
surroundB1
extend on all sides of simultaneously
surveyA1
a detailed critical inspection
survivalB1
a state of surviving
surviveA2
continue to live through hardship or adversity
suspectB1
someone who is under suspicion
suspendB2
hang freely
sustainB2
lengthen or extend in duration or space
swearB1
utter obscenities or profanities
sweepB2
sweep across or over
sweetA1
having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar
swimA1
the act of swimming
swingB2
a state of steady vigorous action that is characteristic of an activity
switchB1
control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making
symbolA2
an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional signific
symptomB1
(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a p
systemA2
instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to wor
T
tableA1
a set of data arranged in rows and columns
tackleB2
accept as a challenge
tailB2
the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and ext
takeA1
the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other
taleB1
a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events
talentA2
natural abilities or qualities
talkA1
an exchange of ideas via conversation
tallA1
great in vertical dimension
tankB1
an enclosed armored military vehicle
tapA2
the sound made by a gentle blow
tapeA2
a long thin piece of cloth or paper as used for binding or fastening
targetA2
a reference point to shoot at
taskA2
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
tasteB1
the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey infor
taxB1
charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of gov
taxiA1
a car driven by a person whose job is to take passengers where they want to go i
teaA1
a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water
teachA1
impart skills or knowledge to
teacherA1
a person whose occupation is teaching
teamA1
a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
tearA2
a drop of the clear salty saline solution secreted by the lacrimal glands
of or relating to technique or proficiency in a practical skill
a practical method or art applied to some particular task
the practical application of science to commerce or industry
teenagerA2
a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity
electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be tra
broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects
tellA1
express in words
the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its
not permanent
tendB1
have a tendency or disposition to do or be something
tendencyB1
an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others
tenderB2
given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality
tennisA1
a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth
tensionB1
(psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
tentB1
a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fasten
termB1
a word or expression used for some particular thing
terribleA1
causing fear or dread or terror
a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
a radical who employs terror as a political weapon
testA1
trying something to find out about it
textA2
the words of something written
thankA1
express gratitude or show appreciation to
theaterA1
a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presente
themeB2
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
thenA1
subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)
concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerat
theoryB1
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world
therapyB2
(medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training
thereA1
in or at that place
(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result
thickA1
not thin
thinA1
of relatively small extent from one surface to the opposite or in cross section
thingA1
a special situation
thinkA1
judge or regard
thirstB1
a physiological need to drink
thoughA2
(postpositive) however
threatB1
something that is a source of danger
threatenB2
pose a threat to
throatB2
the passage to the stomach and lungs
throughA1
from beginning to end
from first to last
throwA1
the act of throwing (propelling something with a rapid movement of the arm and w
thusB1
(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result
ticketA1
a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ri
tieA2
neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) unde
tightA1
closely constrained or constricted or constricting
tillA2
unstratified soil deposited by a glacier
timeA1
an instance or single occasion for some event
tinyB1
very small
tipA2
the extreme end of something
tireB1
lose interest or become bored with something or somebody
tissueB1
part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structu
titleA2
a heading that names a statute or legislative bill
todayA1
in these times
togetherA1
in contact with each other or in proximity
tomorrowA1
the next day, the day after, following the present day
toneA2
the quality of a person's voice
tongueB1
a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the
tonightA1
during the night of the present day
tooA1
to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits
toolA1
an implement used in the practice of a vocation
toothA1
hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates
topA1
situated at the top or highest position
topicA1
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
totalB1
constituting the full quantity or extent
totallyB1
to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (`whole' is often used info
touchA1
the event of something coming in contact with the body
toughB2
not given to gentleness or sentimentality
tourA2
a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area
tourismB1
the business of providing services to tourists
touristA2
someone who travels for pleasure
a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the
towerA1
a structure taller than its diameter
townA1
an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city
toyA1
an artifact designed to be played with
traceB1
a just detectable amount
trackA2
a line or route along which something travels or moves
tradeA2
the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets
an inherited pattern of thought or action
consisting of or derived from tradition
trafficA2
the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a partic
trailB1
a track or mark left by something that has passed
trainA1
public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn b
transferB1
the act of moving something from one location to another
subject to a mathematical transformation
the act of passing from one state or place to the next
restate (words) from one language into another language
something that serves as a means of transportation
a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of p
trapA2
a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned
travelA1
the act of going from one place to another
treatB1
something considered choice to eat
care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applicati
treeA1
a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct
trendB1
a general direction in which something tends to move
trialB2
the act of testing something
trickA2
a cunning or deceitful action or device
triggerB1
lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun
tripA1
a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)
troopB2
a group of soldiers
troubleA2
a source of difficulty
truckA1
an automotive vehicle suitable for hauling
trueA1
consistent with fact or reality
trulyA2
in accordance with truth or fact or reality
trustA2
something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of anoth
truthA2
a fact that has been verified
tryA1
earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
tubeA1
conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold an
tuneA2
a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence
turnA1
a circular segment of a curve
twiceA2
two times
twinB1
either of two offspring born at the same time from the same pregnancy
twistB1
an unforeseen development
typeA1
a subdivision of a particular kind of thing
typicalB1
exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or cat
in a typical manner
U
uglyA1
displeasing to the senses
as the end result of a succession or process
unableB1
(usually followed by `to') not having the necessary means or skill or know-how
being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance
uncleA1
the brother of your father or mother
unclearB1
poorly stated or described
underA1
located below or beneath something else
undergoB1
pass through
be or form the base for
know and comprehend the nature or meaning of
enter upon an activity or enterprise
the state of being unemployed or not having a job
by bad luck
uniformA2
always the same
unionB1
an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer
uniqueB1
radically distinctive and without equal
unitA2
any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange
uniteB1
act in concert or unite in a common purpose or belief
of worldwide scope or applicability
universeB1
everything that exists anywhere
the body of faculty and students at a university
unknownA2
not known
unlikeA2
marked by dissimilarity
unlikelyB1
not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred
unusualA2
not usual or common or ordinary
upA1
spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position
updateB1
news that updates your information
upperB1
the topmost one of two
upsetA2
afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief
urbanB2
relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area
urgeB1
an instinctive motive
useA1
the act of using
usefulA2
being of use or service
userB2
a person who makes use of a thing
usualA2
occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance
usuallyA1
under normal conditions
V
valleyA2
a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river
valuableB1
having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange
valueA2
a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed
vanB1
any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and
something that is likely to vary
an instance of change
varietyB1
a collection containing a variety of sorts of things
variousB1
of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity
varyB1
become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its
vastB1
unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope
edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits o
vehicleB1
a conveyance that transports people or objects
ventureB2
any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome
verbA2
the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence
versionB2
an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint
veryA1
precisely as stated
vesselB1
a tube in which a body fluid circulates
veteranB2
a serviceman who has seen considerable active service
victimB1
an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance
victoryB1
a successful ending of a struggle or contest
videoA1
the visible part of a television transmission
viewA2
a way of regarding situations or topics etc.
villageA2
a community of people smaller than a town
violenceB1
an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)
violentA2
acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional in
in essence or effect but not in fact
virusB1
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within
visibleB1
capable of being seen
visionB1
a vivid mental image
visitA1
the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time
visitorA2
someone who visits
visualB1
relating to or using sight
vitalB2
urgently needed
voiceA2
the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech
volumeB1
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object
of your own free will or design
(military) a person who freely enlists for service
voteA1
a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternat
voterB2
a citizen who has a legal right to vote
W
wageB2
something that remunerates
waitA1
time during which some action is awaited
wakeA1
the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event)
walkA1
the act of traveling by foot
wallA1
an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness
wanderA2
move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or empl
wantA1
a state of extreme poverty
warA1
the waging of armed conflict against an enemy
warmA1
having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or m
warnB1
notify of danger, potential harm, or risk
washA1
a thin coat of water-base paint
wasteB1
located in a dismal or remote area
watchA1
a small portable timepiece
waterA1
binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless ta
waveA2
one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially
wayA1
how something is done or how it happens
weakA2
wanting in physical strength
weaknessB1
a flaw or weak point
wealthA2
the state of being rich and affluent
wealthyB2
having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value
weaponB1
any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting
wearA1
be dressed in
weatherA1
the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of
webA2
an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interwea
websiteA2
a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the
wedB2
take in marriage
weekA1
any period of seven consecutive days
weekendA1
a time period usually extending from Friday night through Sunday
weeklyA2
of or occurring every seven days
weighA2
have a certain weight
weightA2
the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity
weirdB1
suggesting the operation of supernatural influences
welcomeA1
giving pleasure or satisfaction or received with pleasure or freely granted
welfareB2
governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need
wellA1
in good health especially after having suffered illness or injury
westA2
situated in or facing or moving toward the west
westernB2
relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as o
wetA2
covered or soaked with a liquid such as water
whateverA2
one or some or every or all without specification
wheelA1
a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) th
whereverB1
where in the world
whileA2
a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condit
whisperB1
speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords
whiteA1
being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness
whoA1
a United Nations agency to coordinate international health activities and to hel
wholeA2
including all components without exception
wideA2
having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other
widelyA2
to a great degree
wifeA1
a married woman
wildA2
marked by extreme lack of restraint or control
willA1
the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention
winA1
a victory (as in a race or other competition)
windA1
air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to
windowA1
a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into
wineA2
fermented juice (of grapes especially)
wingB1
a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)
winnerA2
the contestant who wins the contest
winterA1
the coldest season of the year
wipeB2
rub with a circular motion
wireB1
ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc
wiseA2
having or prompted by wisdom or discernment
wishA1
a specific feeling of desire
withdrawB2
pull back or move away or backward
withinA2
on the inside
witnessB1
someone who sees an event and reports what happened
womanA1
an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
wonderA2
the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising
extraordinarily good or great
woodA2
the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
woodenA2
made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood
wordA1
a unit of language that native speakers can identify
workA1
activity directed toward making or doing something
workerA1
a person who works at a specific occupation
worldA1
everything that exists anywhere
worryA1
something or someone that causes anxiety
worthB1
worthy of being treated in a particular way
woundB1
an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the
wrapB1
cloak that is folded or wrapped around a person
writeA1
produce a literary work
writerA1
writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)
wrongA1
not correct
Y
yardA1
a unit of length equal to 3 feet
yeahA2
not only so, but
yearA1
a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days
yellowA1
of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum
on the day preceding today
yetA1
up to the present time
yieldB2
be the cause or source of
youngA1
(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or develop
youthA2
a young person (especially a young man or boy)
Z
zoneA2
a locally circumscribed place characterized by some distinctive features